The Jurnal Anestesi Obstetri Indonesia (JAOI) is committed to maintaining high standards of publication ethics and research integrity. This statement outlines the ethical responsibilities of authors, editors, editorial staff, and peer reviewers involved in the publication process. All parties are expected to adhere to the principles of honesty, transparency, fairness, confidentiality, and accountability.

Author Form: Download the JAOI Author Form

1. Duties of Authors

1.1. Reporting Standards

Authors of original research must present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Research data and findings must be reported accurately, without fabrication, falsification, or misleading presentation. Manuscripts should contain sufficient detail and references to allow appropriate evaluation and, where applicable, replication of the research. Review articles and other scholarly contributions must also be accurate, balanced, and clearly identified according to their article type.

1.2. Data Access and Retention

Authors may be asked to provide relevant research data, records, or supporting documentation for editorial assessment. Where ethically and legally appropriate, authors are encouraged to make supporting data accessible. Authors should retain research data for a reasonable period in accordance with applicable institutional requirements, ethical standards, and legal obligations. Patient confidentiality and data protection must always be maintained.

1.3. Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must submit original work that appropriately acknowledges the contributions of others. All sources, ideas, text, figures, tables, and other materials derived from other works must be properly cited or credited.

Plagiarism, including the unattributed use of another person's work, is unacceptable. Manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism-detection tools as part of the editorial process. Similarity reports will be assessed by the editorial team in context; a similarity score alone does not determine whether plagiarism has occurred.

1.4. Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. Manuscripts that have already been published must not be submitted as new original work unless the proposed publication is an appropriate secondary publication and all relevant permissions, disclosures, and editorial requirements have been satisfied.

Substantial overlap with previously published or concurrently submitted work must be disclosed to the editor. Authors are responsible for informing the journal about related manuscripts, preprints, or other publications when relevant.

1.5. Acknowledgment of Sources

Authors must appropriately acknowledge the work of others and cite publications that have significantly influenced their research. Information obtained through private conversations, correspondence, or confidential services must not be used without appropriate permission. Confidential information obtained during peer review or other professional activities must not be used without authorization.

1.6. Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the conception or design of the work, the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, and who have participated in drafting or critically revising the manuscript, approved the final version, and agreed to be accountable for the work.

All individuals who meet the authorship criteria should be included as authors. Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the authorship criteria should be appropriately acknowledged, with their permission where necessary.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all eligible authors are listed, that no ineligible authors are included, and that all authors have approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission. Any changes to authorship after submission must be explained and approved by all affected authors.

1.7. Research Involving Humans or Animals

Research involving human participants or animals must comply with applicable laws, institutional requirements, and recognized ethical standards.

For studies involving human participants, authors must report relevant ethics committee approval or provide a justified statement explaining why approval was not required. Informed consent must be obtained when applicable. Authors must protect participant privacy and confidentiality and avoid disclosing identifying information without appropriate authorization.

For studies involving animals, authors must report the relevant ethical approval and compliance with applicable animal welfare requirements.

Any unusual hazards associated with chemicals, procedures, or equipment used in the research must be appropriately identified in the manuscript.

1.8. Ethical Approval

Research articles submitted to JAOI must include an ethics statement identifying the approving ethics committee or institutional review board, the approval number or identification code, and the approval year, where applicable.

If ethics approval was not required, authors must provide an appropriate explanation. Statements concerning informed consent must also be included where applicable. Authors must not misrepresent or fabricate ethics approval or informed consent.

1.9. Disclosure of Funding and Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose all sources of financial support for their research and any financial or non-financial relationships that could reasonably be perceived to influence the research, its interpretation, or its publication.

Relevant interests may include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patents, grants, or other financial and professional relationships. Disclosures must be provided at submission and updated when necessary.

1.10. Fundamental Errors in Published Work

If authors discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, they must promptly notify the JAOI Editorial Office and cooperate in correcting the scholarly record. Depending on the nature and seriousness of the issue, the journal may publish a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction.

If the journal receives credible information from a third party concerning a significant error, the authors may be asked to respond and provide relevant supporting evidence.

2. Duties of the Editorial Board

2.1. Publication Decisions

The Editor-in-Chief and editorial team are responsible for deciding which manuscripts are suitable for publication in JAOI. Decisions must be based on the manuscript's scholarly quality, originality, relevance to the journal's scope, methodological soundness, ethical compliance, and the reviewers' assessments.

Editorial decisions must also comply with the journal's policies and applicable legal requirements. Editors may consult other editors or reviewers when necessary.

2.2. Fairness and Non-Discrimination

Editors must evaluate manuscripts on their academic merit without discrimination based on the authors' race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, nationality, citizenship, or political views.

2.3. Confidentiality

Editors and editorial staff must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and related information. Information may be shared only with the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisers, the publisher, or other authorized parties as required for the editorial process.

2.4. Conflicts of Interest

Editors must disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest that could affect their editorial judgment. An editor with a relevant conflict must not handle the manuscript and should refer it to an appropriately qualified, independent editor.

Editors must also ensure that relevant conflicts of interest disclosed by authors and reviewers are handled appropriately.

2.5. Peer Review and Editorial Integrity

Editors must ensure that manuscripts are handled through a fair and appropriate peer-review process. Reviewers should be selected based on their relevant expertise and independence. Editorial decisions must not be influenced by personal relationships, commercial interests, or inappropriate external pressure.

2.6. Handling Ethical Complaints and Investigations

Editors must respond appropriately to credible allegations of research misconduct or publication malpractice involving submitted manuscripts or published articles. Depending on the circumstances, the journal may request an explanation from the authors, consult independent experts, or contact the relevant institution or research ethics committee.

Where warranted, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction. Concerns may be investigated even if they arise after publication.

3. Duties of Peer Reviewers

3.1. Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer reviewers assist editors in evaluating the quality, originality, validity, and relevance of submitted manuscripts. Their assessments should help editors make informed decisions and help authors improve their work.

3.2. Timeliness

Reviewers who feel unqualified to evaluate a manuscript or are unable to complete the review within the requested period should promptly notify the editor and decline or withdraw from the review process.

3.3. Confidentiality

Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, reproduce, or discuss manuscripts with unauthorized individuals. Unpublished material must not be used for personal or professional advantage.

3.4. Objectivity and Constructive Feedback

Reviews must be conducted objectively and respectfully. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate. Reviewers should clearly explain their assessments and support their comments with relevant evidence and reasoning.

3.5. Acknowledgment of Sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. They should alert the editor to substantial similarity, overlap, or potential plagiarism that comes to their attention during review.

3.6. Conflicts of Interest

Reviewers must disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, personal, financial, or institutional relationships with the authors or organizations associated with the manuscript.

Reviewers should decline the assignment when a conflict could reasonably compromise their impartiality.

4. Allegations of Research Misconduct and Publication Malpractice

4.1. Definition and Scope

JAOI takes allegations of research misconduct and publication malpractice seriously. Such misconduct may include, but is not limited to:

• Fabrication or falsification of research data or results.

• Plagiarism or inappropriate reuse of published material.

• Improper manipulation or misrepresentation of images or data.

• Duplicate or redundant publication and concurrent submission.

• Inappropriate authorship or misrepresentation of author contributions.

• Misrepresentation of ethics approval or informed consent.

• Citation manipulation or failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest.

• Other serious breaches of research integrity or publication ethics.

Honest errors, differences in interpretation, and scientific disagreements do not automatically constitute research misconduct. Each concern will be assessed according to the available evidence and relevant circumstances.

4.2. Reporting Allegations

Authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and other concerned parties may report suspected misconduct to the JAOI Editorial Office through the journal's official contact page. Reports should describe the concern clearly and include supporting evidence or relevant documentation where available.

4.3. Assessment and Investigation

The Editor-in-Chief or an appropriately designated editor will conduct a preliminary assessment to determine whether further examination is necessary. Where appropriate, the journal may request explanations or supporting documentation from the authors, consult independent experts, or contact the authors' affiliated institution, research ethics committee, funding body, or other relevant authority.

Authors concerned will be given a reasonable opportunity to respond where appropriate. The journal will assess the available evidence fairly and will not treat an allegation as proven solely because it has been reported.

4.4. Possible Editorial Actions

Depending on the findings and seriousness of the matter, JAOI may:

• Request clarification or additional documentation.

• Reject a manuscript that does not meet ethical or publication standards.

• Publish a correction when the published record requires amendment.

• Publish an expression of concern while a significant matter remains unresolved.

• Retract an article when the evidence and circumstances justify retraction.

• Refer the matter to an appropriate institution or competent authority when necessary.

Any action will be proportionate to the findings and intended to protect the integrity of the scholarly record. Relevant notices will be linked to the original article whenever practicable.

4.5. Confidentiality and Fair Treatment

Allegations will be handled as confidentially as reasonably possible. Information will be shared only with individuals or organizations who need it to assess or resolve the concern. Editors and reviewers involved in handling an allegation must disclose relevant conflicts of interest and withdraw from the process when their impartiality may reasonably be questioned.

5. Post-Publication Discussion and Corrections Policy

The Jurnal Anestesi Obstetri Indonesia (JAOI) supports post-publication discussion and the correction of the scientific record to maintain the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of published research.

Readers who identify potential errors, have scientific comments, or raise concerns regarding a published article are encouraged to contact the editorial office through the journal's official contact page.

All submissions will be assessed by the editorial team. Where necessary, the editor may consult the authors, independent experts, or relevant institutions before deciding on appropriate action.

Depending on the nature and significance of the concern, the journal may publish a correction, clarification, expression of concern, or retraction in accordance with its publication ethics policy.

Authors will be given an appropriate opportunity to respond to substantive concerns. All matters will be handled fairly, objectively, and confidentially, as appropriate.

Post-publication comments and concerns must be evidence-based, respectful, and relevant to the scientific content of the article. The journal does not guarantee publication of every comment or concern received.

JAOI is committed to maintaining a reliable scholarly record and ensuring that any necessary corrections to published articles are handled transparently.

6. Commitment to Publication Ethics

JAOI expects all authors, editors, editorial staff, and reviewers to uphold the principles described in this statement. The journal may review and update this policy periodically to reflect developments in research integrity, publication ethics, and scholarly publishing practices.

For questions or reports concerning publication ethics, please contact the JAOI Editorial Office through the journal's official contact page.