Regional Anestesi Subarachnoidal Block pada Seksio Sesarea Emergensi dengan Preeklampsia Berat (PEB) Super Imposed HELLP Syndrome
Abstract
Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia terhitung 305:100.000 kelahiran dan 25% penyebabnya adalah hipertensi. Preeklampsia berat (PEB) adalah kondisi munculnya hipertensi dan proteinuria setelah usia kehamilan 20 minggu. PEB dapat diukur keparahannya dengan hipoalbumin dan dapat menyebabkan hemolisis. Sindrom HELLP merupakan komplikasi dari PEB. Sectio Caesarea Transperitoneal Profunda (SCTP) adalah persalinan buatan di mana janin dilahirkan melalui insisi dinding depan perut di segmen bawah rahim. Indikasi dilakukannya SCTP diantaranya adanya PEB disertai dengan tanda gawat ibu (Sindrom HELLP, tanda impending). Wanita 31 tahun G2P1A0 usia kehamilan 32+4 minggu dengan Preeklampsia Berat Superimposed, HELLP Syndrome hipoksia fetal, riwayat SC 11 tahun lalu, belum dalam persalinan, dengan konjungtivitis sinistra, hipoalbumin (2,8), status fisik ASA IIE direncanakan untuk dilakukan SCTP emergensi. Regional Anesthesia Subarachnoidal Block (RASAB) digunakan pada tindakan SCTP dengan kombinasi levobupivacaine dan fentanyl. Persalinan dengan SCTP menggunakan anestesi regional karena prosesnya cepat, nyaman selama operasi, kualitas analgesia lebih baik pada post operasi, dan fluktuasi hemodinamik lebih stabil. Levobupivacaine memblokade natrium channel neuronal yang mencegah depolarisasi dan bersifat reversibel pada saraf sensorik dan motorik. Kombinasi fentanyl menghasilkan efek blok sensorik lebih lama dengan onset spinal anestesi yang sama. Selain itu, ia juga memperpanjang durasi blok sensorik tanpa memperpanjang durasi blok motorik sehingga nyeri pada pasien dapat berkurang tanpa mengganggu fungsi motoriknya.
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Jurnal Anestesi Obstetri Indonesia
