Manajemen Anestesi pada Wanita Hamil dengan Eklampsia dan Asma Akut Berat yang Menjalani Seksio Sesarea

  • Erna Fitriana A Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
  • Ratih Kumala Fajar Apsari Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
  • Yusmein Uyun Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
Keywords: asma akut berat, anestesi umum, eklampsia, kehamilan, General anesthesia, Severe acute asthma, eclampsia, pregnancy

Abstract

Eklampsia dengan asma merupakan kondisi medis yang paling sering terjadi dalam kehamilan. Eklampsia dengan asma akut berat dalam kehamilan merupakan problem yang sulit. Kejadian eklampsia sekitar 2–8% diseluruh dunia dan merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua setelah perdarahan. Prevalensi terjadinya 0,3%–0,7% pada negara berkembang. Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis saluran nafas yang melibatkan banyak sel dan elemen seluler yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hiperresponsif jalan nafas yang dapat menimbulkan gejala episodik berulang berupa wheezing, sesak nafas, dada berat dan batuk. Di Indonesia prevalensi berkisar 5-6% dari populasi penduduk, dimana serangan asma biasanya timbul pada usia kehamilan 24–36 minggu. Seorang wanita 28 tahun G1P0A0 datang hamil 35 minggu dengan keluhan sesak, nyeri kepala, kejang tiga kali, kaki bengkak. Dilakukan seksio sesarea dengan anestesi umum. Ventilator mekanik selama seksio sesarea harus disesuaikan untuk menjaga PCO2 30–32 mmHg. Intubasi dilakukan dengan rapid sequence induction dan setelah pipa endotrakheal masuk dijaga tekanan darah supaya tidak meningkat. Setelah operasi selesai dilakukan ekstubasi dalam untuk mencegah gejolak hemodinamik dan mengurangi iritasi saluran nafas. Pasca operasi pasien masuk intensive care unit untuk pemantauan lebih lanjut. Penanganan anestesi yang efektif pada pasien ini akan meningkatkan survival serta memberikan prognosis yang lebih baik

Management of Anesthesia in Caesarean Section for Patient with Eclampsia and Severe
Acute Asthma

Abstract

Eclampsia with asthma is the most common medical condition in pregnancy. Eclampsia with severe acute asthma in pregnancy is a difficult problem. The incidence of eckampsia is around 2–8% worldwide and is the second highest cause of death after bleeding. The prevalence of occurrence is 0.3% –0.7% in developing countries. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that involves many cells and cellular elements that cause airway hyperresponsiveness which can cause recurrent episodic symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, heavy chest and coughing. In Indonesia the prevalence ranges from 5–6% of the population, where asthma attacks usually occur at 24–36 weeks' gestation. A 28-year-old woman G1P0A0 comes 35 weeks pregnant with complaints of tightness, headache, seizures three times, swollen feet. Caesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. Mechanical ventilator during cesarean section must be adjusted to maintain PCO2 30–32 mmHg. Intubation was done by rapid sequence induction and after the endotracheal tube has been entered, the intracranial pressure is maintained so it did not increase. After the operation was complete, extubation was done to prevent hemodynamic fluctuations and reduce airway irritation. Postoperatively the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for further monitoring. Effective anesthetic treatment in these patients will increase survival and provide a better prognosis

 

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Author Biographies

Ratih Kumala Fajar Apsari, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

Departement and Intensive Care Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta

Yusmein Uyun, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

Departement and Intensive Care Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta

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CROSSMARK
Published
2020-04-11
DIMENSIONS
Section
Case Report

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